introduction of conjunctions-1st part

Special notes on English 2^nd paper

Classes: Nine, Ten & HSC.

01.coordinating conjunctions: copulative, Alternative, Adversative, illative.

And, as well as, also, both, too. (এক জাতিয় দুটি word /phrase/clause কে যুক্ত করে।)

Either, neither, else, otherwise, or, nor. (যা একটি না হয়ে অন্যটি বূঝায়।)

But, yet, still, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, where as. (দুটি বিরোধী বিষয় কে যুক্ত করে।)

For, therefore, consequently, than, thus, so.(এমন দুটি clause কে যুক্ত করে যাদের একটি cause(কারন) এবং অপরটি effect বা ফল।)

02. Subordinating conjunction.

(a) cause-কারন, (b) effect-ফল, (c) purpose-উদ্দেশ্য, (d) condition-শর্ত, (e) Apposition-উদ্দেশ্য-বিধেয়, (f) concession-স্বীকৃ্তি, (g) time-সময়, (h) place‍‍‍=স্থান, (I) manner-ধরন। (j) comparison=তুলনা।

· Examples:-

· as-যেহেতু=

· because-কারন=

· that=

· in order that=যাতে।

· so that=যাতে।

· lest=পাছে না ভয় হয়।

· if=যদি।

· unless= যদি না।

· as if=যেন।

· in case=যদি।

· provided=যদি।

· whether=যদি।

· though=যদিও।

· although=যদিও।

· after=পরে।

· before=পূর্বে।

· since=যেহেতু, যখন।

· ere=

· till,

· until

· so long as,

· as soon as,

· when,

· where,

· wherever,

· as, than.

03.correlative conjunction (এই conjunction গুলি জোড়ায়-জোড়ায় বসে একটি ছাড়া অন্যটি বসেনা।এরা সাধারনত; একই Parts of speech এর আগে বসে।)

Both---and, either------or, neither…….nor, not only-------but also, as----as, so……as ইত্যাদি।

ExamplesL

Both Rahim and karim were present there.

(a) Either Robi or Roni did this,

(b) Neither Sheuli nor Shima did that.

(d) He is not only a national hero but also a kind hearted man.

(e) No other boy in the class is as tall as Habib. (f) He is so good as his brother.

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Cloze Test With Clues: Rules of grammar-01

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